One area that nanotechnology has benefited the modern medicine is in the field of surgery advancement in the Drug Delivery Systems (DDS). Nanocarriers make targeted, controlled, and effective administration of therapeutic agents, and hence, improved efficacy and reduced side effects. This review addresses the different varieties of nanocarriers, their action mechanisms, and use in different medical disciplines, and the problems of clinical translation. We put emphasis on future and recent progress viewpoints, with the focus on how nanotechnology can transform personalized medicine.